河南高考什么卷(河南高考甲卷還是乙卷)

2021年河南高考真題及其標準答案完整版正在實時更新中。

全國乙卷適用地區(qū)：河南、安徽、江西、山西、陜西、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆、寧夏、吉林、黑龍江、青海、甘肅。

（注：以下內(nèi)容整理于網(wǎng)絡，并非官方公布的標準答案，僅供大家參考，具體內(nèi)容請以官方公布為準。）

語文

語文試題

語文答案

語文真題及其標準答案完整版正在實時更新中，大家可以關(guān)注小編，及時獲取最新消息！

理科數(shù)學

數(shù)學試題

數(shù)學文科（含解析）

數(shù)學理科

數(shù)學試題

數(shù)學文科（含解析）

數(shù)學理科

數(shù)學理科解析

英語

英語試題

英語答案

第一部分 聽力 (共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié) (共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.

答案是C。

1. What is the man doing?

A. Asking the way.

B. Giving directions.

C. Correcting a mistake.

2. What dress size does the woman want?

A. 8. B. 10. C. 12.

3. What is the woman likely to do?

A. Make a phone call.

B. Handle the problem.

C. Have a rest.

4. Which tour does the man seem to be interested in?

A. The evening tour.

B. The half-day tour.

C. The full-day tour.

5. Where are the speakers?

A. At a canteen.

B. At a clinic.

C. At a bank.

第二節(jié) (共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面 5 段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題 5 秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 題。

6. What does the woman think of the match?

A. Entertaining.

B. Discouraging.

C. Boring.

7. What do the speakers plan to do on Tuesday afternoon?

A. Watch a game.

B. Play tennis.

C. Go to the cinema.

聽第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至 10 題。

8. What does the man advise Mrs. White to do?

A. Go on a diet.

B. Do more exercise.

C. Get enough sleep.

9. Which can be included in Mrs. White’s breakfast?

A. Eggs.

B. Sausages.

C. Porridge.

10. What is the man?

A. A teacher.

B. A physician.

C. A chef.

聽第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至 14 題。

11. How does Nancy look to Daniel?

A. Confused.

B. Excited.

C. Anxious.

12. Why does Daniel mention his performance in a play?

A. To comfort Nancy.

B. To express his regret.

C. To show his pride.

13. What is Nancy going to do next week?

A. Take a school test.

B. Have a check-up.

C. Go in for a competition.

14. What does Daniel offer to do for Nancy?

A. Rewrite her lines.

B. Drive her to the theatre.

C. Help her with the practice.

聽第 9 段材料，回答第 15 至 17 題。

15. What was Prof. Stone’s grandfather afraid of?

A. Leaving his home.

B. Parting from his son.

C. Taking early retirement.

16. What does old age mean to many elderly Americans?

A. Lack of moral support.

B. Loss of self-worth.

C. Change of living habits.

17. What will Prof. Stone talk about next concerning elderly people?

A. Public services they ask for.

B. Health care available to them.

C. Contributions they can make.

聽第 10 段材料，回答第 18 至 20 題。

18. What does the speaker’s mother want her to be?

A. A confident person.

B. A warm-hearted person.

C. A humorous person.

19. Why did the speaker feel lonely in her childhood?

A. She often traveled by herself.

B. Her family moved frequently.

C. Her mother was busy working.

20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A. Importance of home schooling.

B. Mother-daughter relationship.

C. A role model in her family.

1 答案速查

1—5 ACCBB 6—10 ABACB

11—15 CACCA 16—20 BCABB

2 錄音原文

(Text 1)

M: Excuse me, I got lost. I took a bus to city hall, but I can’t find the place.

W: This is the concert hall, not city hall. To go there, you should take the bus at Grand Hotel over there.

(Text 2)

M: Can I help you?

W: I’m looking for a size twelve dress.

M: Oh, let me see. An eight, a ten. Ah, you’re lucky. I have the prettiest dress here in a twelve. Why don’t you try it on?

(Text 3)

W: Do you think you can take care of everything in the office today?

M: No problem. Just go home and take a rest. If there is anything I feel I cannot handle, I’ll call you.

(Text 4)

W: We have a half-day tour, a full-day tour and an evening tour. Which one would you like?

M: What is the schedule of the half-day tour?

W: It sets out at 8:30 a.m. and returns at 2:00 p.m.

(Text 5)

M: Now, what seems to be the trouble, Mrs. Stevens?

W: I’ve been very dizzy lately. And last night, I had some chest pain.

M: Don’t worry. Let me have a look.

(Text 6)

W: Wow. That was a great match. I really like watching tennis games.

M: Me too. I think tennis is an exciting sport.

W: I think so. Do you play tennis, John?

M: Yes, but not very well. Do you play?

W: A little. How about a game on Tuesday afternoon?

M: Sure.

(Text 7)

M: Mrs White, I’m afraid we have to put you on a strict diet. From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty food.

W: Does that mean I can’t have any more fast food?

M: Right. You can’t have any fried food or steaks.

W: What about breakfast food like eggs and sausages?

M: Those are all bad for you. But you can have porridge, bread and orange juice.

W: Well, what about lunch and dinner?

M: Have a salad for lunch. As for dinner, you can have all the vegetables you want. Fish and chicken are also okay.

W: What about dessert? Can I still have ice cream?

M: Yes, but not too much.

(Text 8)

M: Hi Nancy! You look worried. What’s wrong?

W: Well Daniel, have you ever felt nervous on stage?

M: Sure. Do you remember that play I was in a few years ago? I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them in front of an audience. As soon as I saw the crowd of people down there, my heart beat so fast that I was unable to say a single word.

W: That’s how I feel just thinking about the spelling competition next week.

M: I didn’t know you made it to the finals.

W: I’m worried I’ll get nervous and freeze on stage. I might forget how to spell everything, even my own name. I don’t know what to do.

M: Nancy, I know that you’re not going to forget how to spell your name. I’ll help you get through this. I’ll go to the school hall with you to practice. Then I’ll teach you an exercise my baseball coach taught me. Believe me. It works.

W: I feel much better now. Thanks, Daniel.

(Text 9)

W: Hello, ladies and gentlemen! Today, we have invited Prof. Stone to talk about the role of elderly people in our society. Welcome to our show, Prof. Stone.

M: To begin with, I’d like to tell a story from my own life. Several years ago, when my grandparents were well into their 80s, they were no longer able to care for themselves very well. My grandfather was afraid of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. The idea of having to sell their home and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible failure of one’s health, but the loss of identity and self-worth.

W: Yes, it’s true. What do you have to say about the problem of old age?

M: Many experts have given talks here that have focused on the medical care, and the development of public services for senior citizens. Today, I’d like to focus my comments on the meaningful roles that elderly can play and should play in our society.

(Text 10)

W: Talking about personal relationships, well, I’d naturally think of my relationship with my mother. Whenever I need help, my mother is always there for me. She often tells me that I can be anyone I want, as long as I’m confident of myself. She sees my talent and pushes me to do the best I possibly can. As I was growing up, we were often on the move. I had to admit that moving so often made me feel lonely. But my mother did everything she could to help me feel happy. In fact, so much traveling was really a good thing because it made us close. I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child, but as an equal. She gives me the freedom to make mistakes and to learn from them all. Unlike friendships that can fade or break, I know I’ll always be connected to my mother no matter what I face. She is not just a role model, but someone I love.

3 閱讀理解

21-23 DCA 24-27 BACB 28-31 CABD

32-ACDD 36-40BCFEG

4 完形填空

41-45CABDA ABCAB DCADB CDBCD

5 語法填空

61 educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of 67 visiting 68 financial 69 Activities 70 to have

6 短文改錯

Line 2: dish—dishes

Line 4: tidying—tidy;

Line 5: whatever—whenever

Line 6: benefit a lot doing—benefit a lot from doing

Line 8: was—is

Line 10: are 刪掉

Line 12: most—more

Line 13: mentally—mental

Line 14: our—my

Line 15: hopes—hope

理科綜合

理科綜合試題（部分）

2021年高考全國乙卷理綜生物試卷答案

使用地區(qū)：河南、山西、江西、安徽、甘肅、青海、內(nèi)蒙古、黑龍江、吉林、寧夏、新疆、陜西

1.果蠅體細胞含有8條染色體。下列關(guān)于果蠅體細胞有絲分裂的敘述，錯誤的是（ D）

A.在間期，DNA進行半保留復制，形成16個DNA分子

B.在前期，每條染色體由2條染色單體組成，含2個DNA分子

C.在中期，8條染色體的著絲點排列在赤道板上，易于觀察染色體

D.在后期，成對的同源染色體分開，細胞中有16條染色體

2.選擇合適的試劑有助于達到實驗目的。下列關(guān)于生物學實驗所用試劑的敘述，錯誤的是（ A）

A.鑒別細胞的死活時，臺盼藍能將代謝旺盛的動物細胞染成藍色

B.觀察根尖細胞有絲分裂中期的染色體，可用龍膽紫溶液使其著色

C.觀察RNA在細胞中分布的實驗中，鹽酸處理可改變細胞膜的通透性

D.觀察植物細胞吸水和失水時，可用蔗糖溶液處理紫色洋蔥鱗片葉外表皮

3.植物在生長發(fā)育過程中，需要不斷從環(huán)境中吸收水。下列有關(guān)植物體內(nèi)水的敘述，錯誤的是（ C）

A.根系吸收的水有利于植物保持固有姿態(tài)

B.結(jié)合水是植物細胞結(jié)構(gòu)的重要組成成分

C.細胞的有氧呼吸過程不消耗水但能產(chǎn)生水

D.自由水和結(jié)合水比值的改變會影響細胞的代謝活動

4.在神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)過程中，興奮會在神經(jīng)纖維上傳導和神經(jīng)元之間傳遞。下列有關(guān)敘述錯誤的是（ A ）

A.興奮從神經(jīng)元的細胞體傳導至突觸前膜，會引起Na 外流

B.突觸前神經(jīng)元興奮可引起突觸前膜釋放乙酰膽堿

C.乙酰膽堿是一種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)，在突觸間隙中經(jīng)擴散到達突觸后膜

D.乙酰膽堿與突觸后膜受體結(jié)合，引起突觸后膜電位變化

5.在格里菲思所做的肺炎雙球菌轉(zhuǎn)化實驗中，無毒性的R型活細菌與被加熱示死的S型細菌混合后注射到小鼠體內(nèi)，從小鼠體內(nèi)分離出了有毒性的S型活細菌。某同學根據(jù)上述實驗，結(jié)合現(xiàn)有生物學知識所做的下列推測中，不合理的是（D ）

A.與R型菌相比，S型菌的毒性可能與莢膜多糖有關(guān)

B.S型菌的DNA能夠進入R型菌細胞指導蛋白質(zhì)的合成

c.加熱殺死S型菌使其蛋白質(zhì)功能喪失而DNA功能可能不受影響

D.將S型菌的DNA經(jīng)DNA酶處理后與R型菌混合，可以得到S型菌

6.某種二倍體植物的n個不同性狀由n對獨立遺傳的基因控制(雜合子表現(xiàn)顯性性狀)。已知植株A的n對基因均雜合。理論上，下列說法錯誤的是（B ）

A.植株A的測交子代會出現(xiàn)2n種不同表現(xiàn)型的個體

B. n越大，植株A測交子代中不同表現(xiàn)型個體數(shù)目彼此之間的差異越大

C.植株A測交子代中n對基因均雜合的個體數(shù)和純合子的個體數(shù)相等

D. n≥2時，植株A的測交子代中雜合子的個體數(shù)多于純合子的個體數(shù)

29. (11分)生活在干旱地區(qū)的一些植物 (如植物甲)具有特殊的CO2固定方式。這類植物晚上氣孔打開吸收CO2,吸收的CO2通過生成蘋果酸儲存在液泡中;白天氣孔關(guān)閉，液泡中儲存的蘋果酸脫羧釋放的CO2可用于光合作用?；卮鹣铝袉栴}:

(1)白天葉肉細胞產(chǎn)生ATP的場所有_類囊體薄膜、細胞質(zhì)基質(zhì)、線粒體__。光合作用所需的CO2來源于蘋果酸脫羧和_呼吸作用__釋放的CO2。

(2)氣孔白天關(guān)閉、晚上打開是這類植物適應干旱環(huán)境的一種方式，這種方式既能防止_水分過度散失__，又能保證__光合作用_正常進行。

(3)若以pH作為檢測指標，請設(shè)計實驗來驗證植物甲在干旱環(huán)境中存在這種特殊的CO2固定方式。(簡要寫出實驗思路和預期結(jié)果)

使植物甲分別置于干旱與正常環(huán)境中培養(yǎng)，每間隔一定時間分別測定液泡PH值，持續(xù)監(jiān)測24小時。若干旱環(huán)境下植物夜晚PH出現(xiàn)更為顯著下降，則植物甲確實存在該CO2固定方式；若兩組PH值變化相當則不存在該方式。

30. (9 分)在自然界中，競爭是一個非常 普遍的現(xiàn)象?；卮鹣铝袉栴}:

(1)競爭排斥原理是指在一個穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境中，兩個或兩個以上受資源限制的，但具有相同資源利用方式的物種不能長期共存在一起。為了驗證競爭排斥原理，某同學選用雙小核草履蟲和大草履蟲為材料進行實驗，選擇動物所遵循的原則是_資源利用方式相似（食物、空間等資源類型相似）_。該實驗中需要將兩種草履蟲放在資源___有限的____ (填 “有限的”或“無限的")環(huán)境中混合培養(yǎng)。當實驗出現(xiàn)___一種生物數(shù)量占據(jù)優(yōu)勢而另一生物數(shù)量減少甚至為零_____的結(jié)果時即可證實競爭排斥原理。

(2)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，以同一棵樹上的種子為食物的兩種雀科鳥原來存在競爭關(guān)系，經(jīng)進化后通過分別取食大小不同的種子而能長期共存。若僅從取食的角度分析，兩種鳥除了因取食的種子大小不同而共存，還可因取食的_ 位置、時間___ ( 答出1點即可)不同而共存。

(3)根據(jù)上述實驗和研究，關(guān)于生物種間競爭的結(jié)果可得出的結(jié)論是___生物對資源需求越相似，資源越有限，競爭越激烈__。

31. (9分)

哺乳動物細胞之間的信息交流是其生命活動所必需的。請參照表中內(nèi)容，圍繞細胞間的信息交流完成下表，以體現(xiàn)激素和靶器官(或靶細胞)響應之間的對應關(guān)系

32. (10 分)

果蝴的灰體對黃體是顯性狀，由X染色體上的1對等位基因(用Aa表示)控制:長翅對殘翅是顯性性狀，由常染色體上的1對等位基因(用BM表示)控制。回答下列問題:

(1) 請用灰體純合子雌果蠅和黃體雄果蠅為實驗材料，設(shè)計雜交實驗以獲得黃體雌果蠅。(要求:用遺傳圖解表示雜交過程。)

(2)若用黃體殘翅雌果蠅與灰體長翅雄果蠅(xAYBB) 作為親本雜交得到F1, F1相互交配得F2,則F2中灰體長翅:灰體殘翅:黃體長翅:黃體殘翅=3:1:3:1 ,F2中灰體長翅雌蠅出現(xiàn)的概率為__3/16___

37. [生物選修1:生物技術(shù)實踐] (15分)

工業(yè)上所說的發(fā)酵是指微生物在有氧或無氧條件下通過分解與合成代謝將某些原料物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為特定產(chǎn)品的過程。利用微生物發(fā)酵制作醬油在我國具有悠久的歷史。某企業(yè)通過發(fā)酵制作醬油的流程示意圖下。

回答下列問題:

(1)米曲霉發(fā)酵過程中，加入大豆、小麥和麥麩可以為米曲霉的生長提供營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，大豆中的__蛋白質(zhì)__可為米曲霉的生長提供氮源，小麥中的淀粉可為米曲霉的生長提供_碳源__。

(2)米曲霉發(fā)酵過程的主要目的是使米曲霉充分生長繁殖，大量分泌制作醬油過程所需的酶類，這些酶中的_ 蛋白酶____、__脂肪酶__能分別將發(fā)酵池中的蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪分解成易于吸收、風味獨特的成分，如將蛋白質(zhì)分解為小分子的肽和_氨基酸__。米曲霉發(fā)酵過程需要提供營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、通入空氣并攪拌，由此可以判斷米曲霉屬于__異養(yǎng)好氧__(填 “自養(yǎng)厭氧”“異養(yǎng)厭氧”或“異養(yǎng)好氧”)微生物。

(3)在發(fā)酵池發(fā)酵階段添加的乳酸菌屬于__原核生物__ (填 “真核生物”或“原核生物”):添加的酵母菌在無氧條件下分解葡萄糖的產(chǎn)物是__酒精__在該階段抑制雜菌污染和繁殖是保證醬油質(zhì)量的重要因素，據(jù)圖分析該階段中可以抑制雜菌生長的物質(zhì)是__酒精（鹽）__。（答出1點即可）

38.（選修——選修3：現(xiàn)代生物科技專題）（15分）

用DNA重組技術(shù)可以賦予生物以新的遺傳特性，創(chuàng)造出更符合人類需要的生物產(chǎn)品。在此過程中需要使用多種工具酶，其中4種限制性核酸內(nèi)切酶的切割位點如圖所示。

回答下列問題：

（1）常用的DNA連接酶有E?coli DNA連接酶和T4 DNA連接酶。上圖中 EcoR Ⅰ、Pst Ⅰ 酶切割后的DNA片段可以用E?coli DNA連接酶連接，上圖中 Sma Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅰ、Pst Ⅰ、EcoR Ⅴ 酶切割后的DNA片段可以用T4 DNA連接酶連接。

（2）DNA連接酶催化目的基因片段與質(zhì)粒載體片段之間形成的化學鍵是 磷酸二酯鍵 。

（3）DNA重組技術(shù)中所用的質(zhì)粒載體具有一些特征。如質(zhì)粒DNA分子上有復制原點，可以保證質(zhì)粒在受體細胞中能 自我復制 ，質(zhì)粒DNA分子上有 一個至多個限制酶切割位點 ，便于外源DNA插入；質(zhì)粒DNA分子上有標記基因（如某種抗生素抗性基因），利用抗生素可篩選出含質(zhì)粒載體的宿主細胞，方法是 將受體細胞培養(yǎng)在含有某種抗生素的培養(yǎng)基中 。

（4）表達載體含有啟動子，啟動子是指 一段有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的DNA片段，位于基因的首端，它是RNA聚合酶識別和結(jié)合的部位 。

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24-35題：DACB CABA DBCD

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